Influência do tratamento fisioterápico da dor miofascial no manejo do bruxismo

Abstract

Introduction: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of the mandible muscles, and may occur during sleep, sleep bruxism, or during awake, bruxism. The etiology of both is unknown, however several risk factors have been identified. Bruxism appears to be more related to headaches than a causative agent, without additional factors, of temporomandibular disorder. A possible relationship is the transmission of myofascial tension created from the oral muscles that is transmitted to adjacent muscles. Objective: To verify if there is in the literature studies that support the hypothesis of the relationship of the treatment of myofascial pain of the head and neck region in the repercussion of the management of bruxism. Methods: A search was performed in the databases Bireme, Scielo, PubMed and PEDro, in February 2019. There were no restrictions on languages or delimitation of publication dates for the inclusion of articles. We included studies with a sample of the adult population, with a minimum age of eighteen years, both sexes and with diagnosis of bruxism and tension-type headache. Physiotherapeutic treatment in myofascial pain in bruxism, temporomandibular disorders and / or cervicalgia of the tensional type, being myofascial pain and headache measures of outcome of interest. Results: We selected 89 articles on bruxism, tension-type headache and physical therapy. After reading the titles and abstracts, twenty-two studies were elected for reading full text. In this way, we have included sixteen articles with interventions such as electrotherapeutic, acupuncture, postural awareness, muscle relaxation, massage, stretching, electrical stimulation, cervical manipulation, joint mobilization, kinesiotherapy, myofascial release, muscle energy, traction, dry needling, among others. Conclusion: Of the analyzed studies only one evaluated the outcomes related to bruxism and indicated that the EEC technique decreases the electromyographic activity of the muscles involved in this pathology. None of the other studies of bruxism, TMD and CTT have demonstrated evidence that the physiotherapeutic interventions are effective in the management of bruxism, since they did not evaluate specific outcomes.