Prevalência e fatores associados à ocorrência e coocorrência dos fatores de risco comportamentais em mulheres brasileiras de idade reprodutiva

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have led to a high number of premature deaths, disabilities and loss of quality of life among women, even though they are the main users of the health system. Over the years, urbanization and globalization processes have contributed to the increase of behavioral risk factors (BRF), raising the prevalence of NCDs. We known that BRFs for NCDs affect women's health, including their reproductive capacity, leading to negative reproductive outcomes. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors (sociodemographic and access) to the occurrence and co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in the reproductive age women population. Methodology: Cross-sectional study using data from Brazilian women of reproductive age who responded to the National Health Survey (PNS), in 2013. We estimated the ocurrence and co-occurrence of the following BRFs: insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables (FLV), physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and smoking. Next, we estimated prevalence and prevalence ratios of BRF occurrence and co-occurrence according to socio-demographic characteristics (age range, schooling, region, dwelling area, skin color / race, marital status) and access using the combination of health plan and pap smear variables. It was also estimated the prevalence of health self-assessment according to the BRF. The 95% confidence intervals of the estimates were also calculated. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios. We considered the complex sample design of the survey to obtain population estimates. Results: Among the women studied, more than 70% had a recent consultation in the health service. However, 89% of the women had insufficient FLV consumption; 79.9% were inactive; 18.8% consumed alcohol; 9.7% were smokers and 10%, former smokers. More than half of the women had an accumulation of two or more risk factors (65.3%). Women with higher levels of schooling, living in the South, who lived in the urban area, as well as with a recent consultation in the private service, showed a higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (p <0.05). Women in the age group 40-49, with lower schooling and with a recent public service consultation had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (p <0.05). For tobacco, there was lower prevalence between both groups according to access (p <0.05). Even in the presence of BRF, women self-rated their health as positive. Conclusions: Most Brazilian women of reproductive age had access to a women's health consultation, however, a high occurrence and co-occurrence of

BRF has been identified. High occurrence and second co-occurrence were also identified according to sociodemographic characteristics, especially in older women with low schooling. It is known that these BRFs may interfere with the preconceptional health of women who wish to become pregnant or not, reinforcing the need for health promotion interventions that should be incorporated into women's health care routines.