Plasma rico em trombócitos (PRT) em galinhas adultas (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Abstract

The study of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been increasing considerably in veterinary medicine, but its progress includes only domestic animals, including dogs, cats and horses. Thrombocytes in birds have similar function to platelets in mammals, but their morphology differs. They are responsible for hemostasis and when activated are able to release growth factors that are responsible for signaling the onset of tissue repair. The objective of this study was to establish a protocol to obtain plasma rich in thrombocytes (PRT) in chickens. A total of 19 chickens were used and the project was divided into two stages. In the first stage, samples of 10 chickens from which 7 ml of blood from the right jugular vein were collected were used. Four protocols (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were tested to obtain platelet rich plasma (PRP) used in mammals. Blood was collected in two different tubes, one containing ACD-A and another ACD-A plus clopidogrel bisulfate (BC). In the second step, samples of the 19 chickens from which 7 ml of blood were collected in a tube containing only ACD-A were used. For this step, the P2 protocol used in cats was used, plus modification of the collection region of the thrombocyte-rich plasma. The results of thrombocyte concentration were analyzed by means and standard deviation. A randomized complete block design with subdivided plot arrangement was considered and the Tukey test was performed to compare thrombocytes between protocols. The presence of the protocol effect and addition of clopidogrel bisulfate was evaluated by means of analysis of variance and Fisher's test. The paired T-test was used to compare red blood cells, leukocytes and thrombocytes in whole blood and PRT. In the first step there was no significant statistical difference in the results using or not the BC between the same protocols. None of the protocols proved to be effective in obtaining PRT. The mean (cell / μL) of the thrombocytes found were: total blood was 48,200 (7208), protocol P1 4,800 (951), protocol P2 10050 (1932), protocol P3 6,750 (1292) and in protocol P4 8,000 (1169). The P1 and P2 protocols were statically different from all other protocols, and the P3 and P4 protocols showed no statistical difference between them. None of the protocols presented a favorable result to obtain the PRT. In the second stage the mean (standard deviation) of thrombocytes, erythrocytes and leukocytes in whole blood was 45,500 (12,900), 1,984,700 (377,700) and 14,300 (3900) respectively. After centrifugation and collection of the PRT the mean values (standard deviation) of thrombocytes, erythrocytes and leukocytes were respectively 337,900 (93,600), 189,700 (97,700) and 18,300 (5,400). There was a 7.43 fold increase in thrombocytes in the PRT compared to the mean total blood. The counts of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes before and after centrifugation were statistically different from each other. The thrombocytes of the birds showed sedimentation in a region different from that observed in mammals. It is concluded, therefore, that it is possible to concentrate thrombocytes in chickens using the protocol for obtaining PRP in cats plus the change in the aspiration region of the thrombocyte concentrate.