Controle integrado de parasitos em bovinos de leite e equinos

Abstract

This study evaluated an integrated control program of parasites of dairy cattle and equines (CIBLES) from October/2003 to Mach/2009 in two dairy ranches, one at Minas Gerais state (Farm 1), and the other one at Rio de Janeiro state (Farm 2). The program contemplated control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Amblyomma cajennense and Anocentor nitens ticks, Haematobia irritans, Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyia hominivorax flies and gastrointestinal helminths. Strategic control of R. (B.) microplus in bovines was done from April to July of each year, according to presence of semi engorged females on animals. A. cajennense control in equines was performed with a 7 days interval in two modules: first started in April of each year and second started in July. In order to control A. nitens in equines, besides the same strategy that was used to control A. cajennense, it was also performed an application of an acaricide paste at auricular pavilion and nasal diverticulum of animals every 2 months of interval. Treatments were provided on bovines in October and April to control H. irritans and in October and January to control D. hominis. To prevent development of umbilical myiasis due to C. hominivorax larvae treatments with doramectin were done on calves at birth day. The control of bovines helminths was performed with treatments from weaning to first calving in May, July, October and January. On cows treatments were applied only in the pre-partum period. There was a significant reduction of R. (B.) microplus infestations in bovines and A. cajennense and A. nitens in equines. It was not necessary to implement the proposed actions to control H. irritans and D. hominis. Prevention of umbilical myiasis on calves was 100% effective. EPG analyses demonstrated that the strategy used to control bovines helminths was 100% effective, 14 days after drug application. During CIBLES implementation cattle from birth to first calving had a weight gain increase of 500 and 515 g per day at Ranch 1 and Ranch 2, respectively, while before CIBLES this values were 303 and 333 g per day. Age at first calving was reduced from 56 to 34 months at Ranch 1 and from 51 to 33 months at Ranch 2. Besides these results, this study also evaluated the effects of urea on R. (B.) microplus in three different stages. In Stage I engorged females at Petri dishes were exposed to urea at 11 different conditions. In Stage II Brachiara brizantha was placed into 30 pots, each with an area of 380 cm2, three engorged females was placed in each pot and pots were divided in three groups according to the addiction of urea. In Stage III 20 grass beds Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, each one with 1 m2 area, was divided into two groups: a control group maintained without addiction of urea and another group was treated with urea. In Stage I it was detected 100% death rate among the engorged females exposed to urea on a humidity condition. In Stage II, all females treated with urea have died. In Stage III, 40 days after addiction of urea, counting of larvae reported 85.97% (p < 0.0001) less larvae than the control group.