Modelos Neokaleckianosem uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento regional

Abstract

The neokaleckian theory develops a framework that explicitly considers the role of the effective demand, particularly the impact of the functional distribution of income. In this context, microeconomic aspects, such as price formation and the consequent impact on profits and functional distribution of income, represent an important parameter to determine growth and product. Similarly, wages affect both the supply side, through costs, and the demand-side, due to a rise in the aggregate demand. The present work thus introduces this theory into an analysis of regional development in middle-income countries. Backward economic development has often presented uneven advances regarding regional aspects, reinforcing economic imbalances and trade dependence relations. These countries already present monopoly structures and a relevant domestic market, although still subjected to a center-periphery relation in international trade. We structure a formal model admitting a national economy that may be divided in two regions: a developed and an underdeveloped one. In order to characterize them, we assume different propensities to consume and distinct compositions of the demand for investment, including relative transport costs as crucial regional aspect. Once we introduce these aspects, we allow the discussion of distinct regimes of accumulation and demand for different regions within the same economy. In case of divergent regimes (demand and/or accumulation), we argue that nationally non-discretionary macroeconomic policies may reinforce regional inequalities. In this context, compensatory policies emerge as an alternative to diminish these distortions.