Aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos para produção de composto especial para manutenção de coleção botânica: estudo de viabilidade para o Instituto Inhotim, Brumadinho (MG)

Abstract

Instituto Inhotim brings together one of the most significant collections of contemporary art in the world and a botanical collection containing rare species from every continent. The collections are used as tools for the development of educational and social activities involving various age groups. The large number of people visiting this place of contemplation results in consistent generation of municipal solid waste, mostly (96%) organic. The use of organic waste through sustainable technologies is a solution for minimizing the impacts of such waste. Given the importance of this issue, the objective of this research was to develop a special organic compound to main botanical group of Inhotim collection, the Arecaceae family, from the use of organic solid waste generated in their own environment. For the development of the compound pruning were selected only species of palm trees crushed and mixed with remains of chips and peels of vegetables and fruits. Three experimental windrows were prepared with the same composition, called Windrow 1, Windrow 2 and Windrow 3. After widrows’ compounds maturation, samples were collected for analysis of nutrients. To compare the results samples of an organic compound developed in the institution were also analyzed, using pruning of different botanical families, food waste and green manure in this research named Control Windrow. Then a growth trial was conducted with individuals of the specie Euterpe edulis, in order to verify the efficiency of the compost produced. For assay we selected two plants produced for each windrow composting (three experimental ridges and swath control) and the individuals were planted in pots of 8.5 liters with a mixture of 50% earth and 50% organic compound. It was found that the experimental Windrows showed better humidity parameters, organic carbon and nitrogen results than the Control Windrow. It was concluded that, among all, the resulting compound of Windrow 3 showed the best result, and the test subjects had better growth performance in two of the three main parameters analyzed. The experiment corroborated to a cleaner development of the Inhotim Institute and brought new opportunities for the sustainable management of organic waste.