O treinamento físico altera a resposta inflamatória induzida pelo exercício físico agudo em camundongos: participação das espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs)

Abstract

The present study investigated the influence of oxidative stress on physical performance and inflammatory response after a physical training protocol. First, the influence of exercise intensity (40% and 80% of maximal velocity) on parameters associated with the inflammatory response was verified. The concentration of cytokines in the skeletal muscle and the recruitment of leukocytes in post capillary venules of the rectus femoris were dependent on exercise intensity. Neutrophils purified from mice of the exercised at 80% also showed greater in vitro migratory capacity. Then, the effect of a four-week physical training on the inflammatory response induced by a constant speed test until fatigue (CVT) and by an exercise of duration and fixed intensity (FE) was evaluated. The physical training increased the performance of the mice evidenced by the higher maximal velocity and the greater workload in the TVC. Also, the leukocyte rolling was higher in the trained group (T) after the TVC. However, after EF, the rolling of leukocytes was attenuated in the T. Additionally, the effect of training on the systemic and local inflammatory response after exercise until fatigue was evaluated. The T showed increased lymphocytes in the blood, a smaller amount of macrophages in the bone marrow and a reduced inflammatory score three days after exercise until fatigue. In addition, the influence of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the effect of physical training on the recruitment of leukocytes in the muscle was evaluated. Wild-type and gp91phox-/- mice showed an increase in leukocyte rolling, but leukocyte adhesion was lower in gp91phox-/- mice. In addition, the wild-type and gp91phox-/- mice were submitted to the four week training protocol. Training increased the performance of wild-type and gp91phox-/- animals. However, this increase was greater in gp91phox-/- mice. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion was higher in wild-type T group, compared to all other groups. Therefore, it is concluded that the magnitude of the inflammatory response induced by exercise is determined by oxidative stress and the level of physical performance in mice.