Estudo das ações reparadoras e a relevância da atuação da medicina veterinária no desastre ambiental em Brumadinho - MG, de 2019 a 2020.

Abstract

Brazil is a country with relevant casuistry of environmental disasters, be there natural or anthropogenic. On January 25, 2019, the B1 dam, of the Córrego do Feijão mine, broke out in Brumadinho - MG, culminating in the release of 13 million cubic meters of mud that caused the death of hundreds of people and animals. After the incident, actions were implemented by the company that managed the dam, as determined by the Prosecutor Office of Minas Gerais and environmental agencies. The objective was to analyze the damage caused to the impacted fauna, the remedial actions aimed at mitigating this damage and to analyze the role of the veterinarian within the context of the environmental disaster caused by the rupture of the B1 Dam of the Córrego do Feijão, in Brumadinho (MG), in the period from January 25, 2019 to January 25, 2020. During the study period, the development of the organizational structure, the creation of facilities for fauna care, fauna care services, the establishment of causal relationships were analyzed between the animal and the disaster, the fauna attendance programs and the number of veterinary medical professionals involved in the actions related to the fauna. It was observed, within the total of fauna assistance programs developed in the field, that the terrestrial fauna prospecting program represented 51.55%, overflight 39.55%, veterinary care 7.47%, vegetation suppression 1.16% and fauna run over 0.27%. The Vale Veterinary Hospital registered 1.607 veterinary visits to animals in the community and 648 veterinary visits to dogs of the Military Fire Brigade. The Farm Shelter of Fauna registered 1.281 calls. The analysis of the causal link revealed that almost half of the cases (48.98%) involved the properties directly affected by the tailings (12.49%) or those close to the tailings (8.38%) or the Paraopeba river (28.11 %). It was observed the effective presence of veterinarians in operational areas aimed at mitigating the damage caused by the disaster, however, there were few veterinarians present in decision-making environments, especially in the planning sector, where this professional was absent. It is expected, with the analysis of the results, to consider the greater involvement and performance of the veterinarian in environmental disasters, constituting an important measure to guarantee the health and animal welfare, the food security of the local human population, the control of the spread of zoonoses and emerging diseases, in addition to joint action with a multidisciplinary team to ensure the reduction of impacts to the community in the immediate moment of an environmental disaster and, above all, in the medium and long term.