Mediação em conflito fundiário urbano envolvendo povos indígenas na Amazônia: estudo de caso no Parque das Tribos, Manaus - Amazonas

Abstract

The process of relations between social actors in the mediation of land, urban and indigenous conflicts has the potential to present itself as a proposal to confront situations of removals, repossessions and forced evictions, as well as subsidize public policy to prevent violations of law humans. Parque das Tribos was selected because there have already been some attempts at repossession and resistance in the area. The general objective of this research was to demonstrate conditions for mediation between social actors involved in urban and indigenous land conflicts relating to peoples and cultures located in Parque das Tribos in the city of Manaus, Amazonas. The research problem situation is the following question: Under what conditions can mediation be an instrument for enforcing rights for social actors involved in urban and indigenous land conflicts related to Parque das Tribos in the city of Manaus? The research hypothesis was: mediation, understood as an axis of public policy for access to justice, by promoting a relational process between different social actors, can contribute to the realization of rights to the extent that it takes seriously the encounter between different cultures, valuing, in his specialty, the diverse reciprocal knowledge at play, coming both from the official legal culture and from the knowledge of local ethnicities. The research methodology is embodied in case study research, with an ethnographic, qualitative and decolonial approach, according to the indigenous approach of the Parque das Tribos leaders. In relation to data collection and analysis procedures, in order to advance the solution of problems with the interlocutors (social agents), a bibliographic survey, collection and analysis was carried out, of documents provided by the indigenous people, of two legal processes in the case. Lectures-interviews were given by indigenous leaders from Parque das Tribos: Lutana Kokama; Joilson Karapãna; Claudia Baré; Ismael Munduruku; Isael Munduruku, and João Paulo Barreto, Tukano anthropologist. These lectures-interviews were broadcast and recorded by the UEA Media Center, on the UEAmazonas channel, on YouTube. As a result, stories and contributions were obtained in the processes and in the lectures-interviews of the leaders on three decolonial aspects, the being, the self-recognition of indigenous people in the city; indigenous thinking, how indigenous people think about their own reality and indigenous doing, as a way of thinking about public policies based on indigenous practices. In this way, it can be concluded that the mechanisms for resolving internal conflicts among indigenous people, namely conversations with chiefs in conflicts of small complexity and great complexity, indigenous assemblies or commissions, can be instruments for mediation. of land conflicts involving other actors such as landowners and the State itself. Future trends are the creation of a Judicial Center for Conflict Resolution and Indigenous Citizenship or a Land Solutions Commission, however, care must be taken to avoid neo-colonization. The mediation of land conflicts, involving indigenous people, will only be possible, when considering indigenous being, thinking and doing, in an effective, effective and efficient way, to this end, it is necessary to Amazonize Law in the Amazon.