Os métodos de abordagem em planejamento familiar: revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

This bibliographic review aims to better understand the approach of Family Planning (FP) developed by the primary heath care professionals. This subject review began by reading 50 articles, and analysing 22 scientific articles, published between 2000 and 2011, available in the Brazilian database SciELO Scientic Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), 3 monographs, official normative documents, and bulletins published by the Ministry of Health (MH). Furthermore, in order to achieve the proposed goals, 9 articles were selected among those 22 articles, and by reading these materials, other studies referred by the selected authors were included in the discussion. The results were summarized in four great aspects: family planning concept, historical aspects of the family planning, the political support to the family planning, and the family planning approaches in the Family Health Strategies (FHS) context. This bibliographic review is a result of a systematization of the major approach methods that have to be considered in the action plannings in health, predetermined to the reproductive planning on the purpose of basic health care and FHS. It was found that the approach methods in FP used by the health professionals are elaborated with various limitations, due to a lack of systematization by the group, which affect the service offered to the population. The factors that interfere in the excelency of the approach methods are: insuficient awareness and control methods of contraception, scarceness of qualified professionals, absence of capacitation and/or permanent education offered to professionals, insuficient supplies and lack of proper physical space, absence of team work and care actions directed to individual treatment in favor of the population. In conclusion, the FP assistancy is far from a satisfactory standard, because the actions, when presents, are conducted alone with few interest of the multiprofessional group, and far from the focus predetermined to other leverages that also are part of the treatment offered by the primary health care.