Terapia cognitivo comportamental na redução da dor lombar crônica: revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Pain may be considered an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience due to a stimulus.The chronic low back pain is a dysfunction that affects men and women, and can vary from a sudden pain to intense and prolonged pain, often of short duration. Some authors report that models of therapies are being applied to try to reduce muscle overload in individuals with low back pain, one of these models being widely used is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). OBJECTIVE: The objective is to perform a literature review to analyze the effect of CBT in the reduction of chronic low back pain. METHOD: This is a literature review on the effect of CBT in the reduction of chronic low back pain. The study was developed by means of a survey of scientific literature by access to the electronic databases LILACS, SCIELO, MEDLINE, and PEDro. RESULTS: Of the eight studies analyzed, three showed that CBT had a better effect in relation to the other treatments proposed, other three studies pointed out that CBT has similar effects when compared with another intervention. Finally, two studies have shown that usual care has a better effect on lower back pain than CBT. DISCUSSION: The articles studied indicate that CBT in the treatment of chronic low back pain is presented as a beneficial treatment that leads to improvements in many relevant variables. The main outcome variables of the study were return to work and sick leave after the interventions of the patients in the CBT group. The research also shows that there were significant reductions in pain-related disability. Although CBT has shown positive results in relation to the treatment of chronic low back pain, the review presents some conflicting results, and some studies of habitual care have obtained a better result compared to CBT treatment. CONCLUSION: With the accomplishment of this review it was observed that although some results show that CBT is a beneficial treatment for chronic low back pain, which can lead the patient to improvements in both cognitive, behavioral and physical variables, the results are ambiguous to be able to say that It is the best treatment alternative.