Classificação de risco para pé diabético em pessoas idosas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

It is a descriptive, exploratory study, quantitative cross, which is focused on the diabetic foot. Advanced age influences the onset of chronic complications of diabetes, appearing as a risk factor that contributes to the etiology of ischemic and insensitive feet, that is, vulnerable to infection, manifested by ulcers, and diabetic foot with the outcome, the that led us to prioritize research with the elderly. Thus, the study aimed to assess the overall degree of risk for the development of diabetic foot complications in elderly patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The specific objectives were to identify the degree of risk for diabetic foot ulcers who are older people with diabetes mellitus type 2, to characterize the demographic, socioeconomic and health status of the elderly, consider these risk variables related to the development of diabetic foot and correlate them to the degree of risk presented, evaluate the level of knowledge about the elderly diabetic foot care. We evaluated 80 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged from 60 years. Data collection occurred at the Clinic of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clínicas UFMG. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics displayed through charts percentage distribution of frequencies. The associations between the degree of risk for diabetic foot and the variables analyzed were made by means of contingency tables using the chi-square test with significance level of 5% (P <0.05). The results showed that of 80 elderly, 32 were at risk level 0, 12 in grade 1, grade 2 in 25 and 13 in grade 3. As for demographics showed 73.75% were aged 60 to 70 years; 26.25% aged 70-80 years, 73.75% of elderly women and the rest were men, 25% 75% lived alone and with partners, partner and children or children only. In the socio-economic profile 50% were married, widowed, and 38.75% 11.25% were single, illiterate, 36.25%, 31.25% had 5 years to the study of elementary school, 21.25% complete primary education and 13 75% completed high school, 23.75% received 1salário least 2 to 3 57.50% 21.42% 4 salaries and wages or more. In relation to health, 100% of the elderly were hypertensive, 70% had family history of diabetes mellitus, 70% had glycosylated hemoglobin above 7%, 45% had cardiovascular disease, 65% did not adhere to an adequate diet; 33.75% were smokers and former smokers and nonsmokers 66.25%, 60% of the elderly did not practice physical exercise, 67.50% were using insulin and 60% used oral hypoglycemic agents. With regard to knowledge about foot care 71.25% got 0 to 60% of the questions and 16.25% more than 80% of them. The correlation between the risk for diabetic foot and the degree of risk, the chi-square was not significant at 5% in any of these associations. We conclude that the variables are analyzed and correlated factors for the development of diabetic foot, but not to increase the degree of risk.