A influência do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro e dos exercícios físicos sobre a neuroplasticidade após acidente vascular encefálico

Abstract

Neurotrophic factors are polypeptidios that act in the survival, maintenance and development of the nervous system cells exerting their effects by binding to specific receptors. The BDNF is a major important neurotrophic factor on the neuroplasticity for promoting survival and neural differentiation. It is also a critical component of molecular mechanisms. That is why exercises have an impact on neuroplasticity after central nervous system injuries. Stroke is the third leading cause of death in developed countries and the major cause of chronic disability. The financial sources addressed to treatment of patients after stroke are very high. Physical exercises are important therapeutic strategies in order to improve both health and the central nervous system function. Their functional benefits seem to be related to the rise of availability of BDNF. Besides raising the levels of BDNF, exercises also raises the liberation of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity. Thus this therapeutic intervention leads to functional recovery of patients after stroke by means of neuroprotection and as a way of rehabilitation. Several hypotheses have been elaborated to explain functional recovery after stroke. Many authors point out the benefit of exercises on treadmill with partial body weight support allowing an early insertion in locomotive activities, promoting better gait quality, gain of speed and muscle strength as well as providing better life quality for individuals after stroke.