Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-AQ3MD8
Type: Dissertação de Mestrado
Title: Prevalência do tabagismo e seus fatores associados entre trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Luiz Fabio Machado Barbosa
First Advisor: Carla Jorge Machado
First Co-advisor: Ada Avila Assuncao
First Referee: Adriane Mesquita de Medeiros
Second Referee: Luiz Sergio Silva
Abstract: Em trabalhadores da saude (TS), o habito de fumar impacta negativamente nao apenas a saude dos proprios profissionais, como tambem a assistencia que prestam. Em paises em desenvolvimento, a prevalencia de tabagismo em TS tende a ser similar a da populacaogeral. O habito tabagico em TS pode comprometer nao apenas a propria saude, como tambem a credibilidade do profissional e atua como preditor negativo para intervencoes de prevencao e cessacao do vicio, ja que TS tabagistas tendem a abordar com menor frequencia este assunto com seus pacientes. Os estudos nacionais encontrados abordam o tema em determinadas categorias de TS, notadamente medicos e pessoal de enfermagem, apesar de a maioria dos servicos prestados pelo sistema de saude exigir abordagem multiprofissional.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores associados ao tabagismo em TS vinculados ao Sistema Unico de Saude de Belo Horizonte (SUS-BH), Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo transversal com base em inquerito realizado em 2008/2009 em amostra estratificada da populacao fonte. Caracteristicas sociodemograficas, de condicoes de saude, emprego e trabalho foram obtidas por meio de questionariosemiestruturado. Os participantes foram classificados quanto ao habito tabagico, com base nas respostas a pergunta: considerando como fumante quem ja fumou pelo menos 100 cigarros, ou 5 macos, voce se classifica como: Nao fumante, Ex-fumante ou Fumante atual?. Esta variavel foi dicotomizada, sendo definidos como fumantes aqueles que se referiram como fumantes atuais e nao fumantes aqueles que seautorrelataram ex-fumantes ou nao fumantes. Fumantes e nao-fumantes foram comparados por meio de regressao logistica binaria simples e multipla, com estimativa da razao de chances bruta e ajustada. O nivel de significancia para inclusao no modelo final foi 5%. Foram respondidos 1.759 questionarios. A prevalencia de tabagismo foi15,7%. A maioria dos participantes eram mulheres (71,6%), a idade media era 40,8 anos e 54,2% possuiam ensino medio, tecnico ou superior incompleto. A maior parte ocupava cargos administrativos, de servicos gerais e outros (23,0%) e a renda media era R$ 1.932,12. Quanto as caracteristicas do trabalho, a maioria considerou regular a relacao entre exigencias e recursos disponiveis (50,5%), precarias as condicoes do ambiente fisico de trabalho (35,2%), baixa demanda fisica (67,4%) e alta demanda emocional (74,7%). Na analise de associacoes, permaneceu no modelo final, negativamente associada ao tabagismo, a relacao regular entre exigencias e recursos disponiveis. Permaneceram positivamente associados com o tabagismo a variavel sexo masculino eos cargos: administrativos, de servicos gerais e outros; profissionais envolvidos com a vigilancia; agentes comunitarios de saude; profissionais tecnicos de nivel medio; com inclusao de enfermeiros e tecnicos de enfermagem (p<0,05). Concluimos que a prevalencia de tabagismo encontrada e alta, considerando-se tratar de populacaoteoricamente dotada de maior conhecimento sobre os maleficios do habito tabagico. Foi possivel identificar fatores que devem ser priorizados em programas de prevencao e cessacao do tabagismo entre TS vinculados ao SUS-BH.
Abstract: Smoking in health care professionals can impact not only their own health status, but also their professional assistance. Health care providers should set a model for others, and then smoking can undermine their professional credit and also their delivery ofsmoking cessation programs because they tend to address smoking issues less frequently. In developing countries, smoking prevalence in health workers tends to be similar or even higher compared to the general population. In addition, most public health systems require teamwork. However, little is known about smoking in Brazilian healthcare workers as a whole labour category. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of, and factors related to, smoking among health workers of the National Health System in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008/2009 with a stratified sample. Data about socio-demographic, health, employment and work characteristics were analyzed. Participants were defined as current smokers (those who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes over their lifetime and still smoking at the time of the interview), ex-smokers (those who reported that had smoked at least 100 cigarettes over their lifetime but did not smoke at the time of the interview) and nonsmokers(those who had never smoked). This variable was dichotomized, being defined as smokers who reported they were current smokers and non-smokers who are former smokers or nonsmokers. To analyze the association between variables, we used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and also estimate crude and adjusted odds ratio at alevel of significance of 5% for inclusion in the final model. The overall prevalence of smoking was 15.7% (13.1% among females and 22.2% among males). Out of a total of 1.808 participants in the study, 71.6% were female; with mean age of 40.8 years and 54.2% had high-school, technical or incomplete university education. It was observed that 23.0% occupied administrative positions or other general services and the mean income was R$ 1932.12. According to workplace conditions, 50.5% felt reasonable the relationship between requirements and available resources; workplace conditions were reported as poor by 35.2% of participants; highly physically demanding tasks were reportedby 67.4% of the sample and 74.7% described your work as highly emotional demanding. Reasonable relationship between requirements and available resources remained negatively correlated to smoking in the final model. The variables that remained positively associated with smoking in the final model were: being male; administrative and other general services workers, professionals involved in monitoring, community health workers, technical mid-level workers and were included nurses and practical nurses (p<.05). Concluding, the results showed socio-demographic, health, employment and work characteristics of the target population that should be emphasized by intervention programs for prevention and smoking cessation.
Subject: Saúde pública
Prevalência
Medicina
Epidemiologia
Saúde do trabalhador
Hábito de fumar
Pessoal de saúde
language: Português
Publisher: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Publisher Initials: UFMG
Rights: Acesso Aberto
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-AQ3MD8
Issue Date: 11-Feb-2014
Appears in Collections:Dissertações de Mestrado

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