A pulsão de morte e sua relação com as psicopatologias não neuróticas

Abstract

The theory of drives is considered by Freud fundamental to psychoanalysis, however, he expresses his displeasure about the provisional and speculative character of his formulations, especially with regard to the concept of the death drive, which relates the repetition to compulsion, negative therapeutic reaction, feelings of guilt, ambivalence, aggression, sadism and masochism, found, for instance, on clinic of obsessive neurosis and melancholia. Among the post-Freudian theorists, M. Klein takes the concept of death drive very similarly to Freud, by contrast, D. Winnicott totally rejects its theoretical usefulness, while J. Laplanche did not depose its sexual character and integrates it to his generalized seduction theory in the form of a turned off sexual drive with similar operation to the primary process, and finally, A. Green relates it to the process of disinvestment of objects and to the negative narcissism. All these characteristics attributed to the death drive are articulated with the manifestations observed in non neurotic psychopathology (psychosomatic disorders, panic disorder, addictions, eating disorders, borderline and depression) that would result from problems in the constitution of the self, which involve basically a narcissistic fragility, flaws in the processes of symbolization, besides the tendency to acting out and compulsion without the use of psychic elaboration, and the predominance of an economy of trauma related to jouissance and drive excess. From these relations was possible to establish a parallel between the non neurosis and obsessive neurosis, considering the use of similar defensive mechanisms and the important role of the death drive, ensuring still the place of unconscious infantile sexuality as predominant etiologic factor.