O jornalismo e a experiência do invisível: identidades, lusofonias e a visível herença colonial brasileira

Abstract

This work may cause some initial strangeness - which would be interesting already - because our proposal seems to take a path contrary to the most common logic of research in the field of journalism. While the general objects deal with a visible materiality, that is, what has been conveyed in media products or that are concrete results of professional practices that are also clearly measured, our objective is to reflect what was not, which did not reach the journalistic surfaces. In other words, we propose to discuss the relationship between journalism and the invisible, a problem not well received in the most traditional studies of the area. Thus, our first challenge was to recognize that in the socially agreed place for visibility there is the invisible. This implied an exit effort: rethinking the very idea of journalism, which does not mean reinventing it, but repositioning it beyond products, practices and technology platforms, retreating into the orbit of the concept, but moving forward to think it contemporaneity as one of the many narrative experiences of the world. Perceived as an experience, let us recognize that the journalism presents proposals materialized in a regime of visibility, which mobilizes, makes talk and makes see, but also shut up and does not show, builds the invisible. What we know as visible, that which is on journalistic surfaces has in its support the invisible layers, which are rigorously in the same object, in the same space of experience. The movement to see the visible and to see the invisible in journalism was preceded by a debate about silencing and had direct reflexes in the methodology. Empirically, we turn to the identities, a phenomenon in which visible/invisible tensions are fundamental because there is in them the fable over the Other, and especially its erasure. In this sense, we investigate the visibility regime that was constructed, through news in Folha de S.Paulo and O Globo, about the community born from identity foundations, of which Brazil is a part: Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP). We have researched 20 years of publications in these newspapers (from 1996 to 2016), the period of existence of this entity. This empirical option to discuss the invisible in journalism demanded a debate about the formation of identities in Brazil, our relations with the lusophone nations, the constitutive histories of Folha and O Globo, and the possibility of this community being thought of as communitas, even in the face of immunitas forces (ESPOSITO, 2012). From the methodological point of view, the biggest challenge was to find a method that would confront the delimitation of the invisible. For this, we proposed the articulated triangulation between the analysis of Content, Historical analysis (indiciary paradigm) and Semiotic analysis, the latter from the perspective of visualidad, mirada and imagen (APRIL, 2013). In the end, besides prove the invisibility due to the absence of the Lusophone community in Brazil, we noticed that the tracks in the two decades helped to understand the immunological (immunitas) and colonial logic that O Globo and Folha presented for the experience in their regime of visibility.