Trabalho doméstico não remunerado no Brasil: uma análise de produção, consumo e transferência

Abstract

Time use surveys are the main source of information for estimates of production, consumption and transfer of unpaid work. Currently, 18 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have some measure of time use. Brazil is the only one in this list of countries that has only the information of hours normally dedicated per week to housework, available in the National Household Survey. Preliminary analyzes of this information identified underreporting in the number of hours devoted to childcare. In addition, to estimate consumption, housework should be disaggregated at least in general household activities and care activities, since childcare is only consumed by children. Therefore, it is proposed a methodology for calculating the production, consumption and transfers based on this single information on hours of housework per week. We chose the 2012-2013 National Time Use Survey from Colombia, a country that holds socio-demographic, economic and cultural similarities with Brazil. I used indirect standardization, borrowing from the Colombia data the ratio between the average number of daily hours of childcare performed for each hour of other domestic activities to estimate time of childcare for Brazil. From the corrected data, it was possible to estimate, for the first time, all the age profiles of production, consumption and transfer of housework for Brazil. The estimates evidence gender inequality in intergenerational transfers of houserwork time. The results show that women, after childhood, spend virtually the entire life-course producing more housework than consuming, with significant differences between income levels. Men at all income levels and at all ages are net consumers of domestic work, consuming more than they produce. Applying the specialist replacement method for pricing household production, the total value of labour devoted to home production of the nonmarket services represents 10.4% of GDP in 2013. Combining production in the labor market with domestic production, I also show that at all ages women contributed as much as men to the economy.