Rizobactérias na fitorremediação de solos

Abstract

Rhizobacteria are a diversified group of bacteria that live in the rhizosphere and that has been used in phytoremediation technologies to treat polluted environments, has been shown as a viable alternative of lower cost, being used to treat several contaminants. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the role played by rhizobacteria in the decontamination of soils, characterizing the processes of phytoremediation, especially the rhyzoremediation. Also, describing some successful examples in the use of rhizobacteria for soil depollution; and finally, presenting the action mechanisms of bacteria that bring benefits to the plant and that can be manipulated in order to potentiate the effects of the phytoremediation process. As a research method, a literature review was carried out by means of a bibliographic survey in the Scopus, PubMed, SciELO databases and in the thesis and dissertations database of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. In order to select the publications, the following terms and / or set of words were used: bioremediation, phytoremediation, rizoremediation, bacteria, soil pollution. Through the analysis of the investigated works, rhizobacteria, mainly plant growth promoters, can be used to help the plant to remove pollutants from the environment, specifically the soils, using the roots of plants as a mechanism of bioremediation action to guarantee the recovery of degraded areas by environmental impacts. It was verified that the rhizobacteria are fundamental elements, since they have a double function: to promote the growth and development of the vegetal, mainly in favor of the absorption of nutrients by the roots; and contribute to soil decontamination, through processes of a physical, chemical and / or biological nature. Currently, the need for elaboration of new and more rigorous studies applied locally, aiming to understand how the different phytoremediation techniques can be applied in the most diverse environments to be treated, as well as systematic reviews of the literature focusing on the works published in Brazil.