Avaliação da educação em grupos operativos com usuários diabéticos tipo 2 em Unidades Básicas de Saúde - Belo Horizonte - MG

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of education on operative groups with users with type 2 diabetes in relation to knowledge and self-care practices associated with physical exercise and eating plan. It is a descriptive and exploratory qualitative and quantitative approach developed with 32 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 inserted in theeducational program in three health centers in the city of Belo Horizonte-MG, 2010. The educational program lasted six months, held 09 meetings. The issues addressed in educational sessions related to the pathophysiology, nutrition and exercise-related disease. During the meetings, facilitation techniques were used, such as games, dynamic games and interactive. To collect data we used the strategy focus group,conducted at six months. To conduct the focus group script was used with the following themes: knowledge about the disease, practice self-care; influence of groups on the practice of self-care and knowledge about DM, facilities or barriers to self-care. A total of 32 users participated in the focus group. Demographic data, in turn, were collected through a form of identification. At the end of each session was applied educational tool for users to assess the operative group. Then we carried out the processing and interpretation of data from the focus group approach to thematic analysis. The main categories of material from the analysis were 1) learning in groups, 2) educational practice for self-care related to nutrition, exercise and medication. Within these sub-categories were created which grouped the responses related to: 3) perceived barriers to the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle, 4) feelings related to diabetes mellitus and 5) expectations related to educational activities. Users have reported that participation in groups provided the answers to questions about self-care, and provide knowledge about the disease. In relation to the learning process, applicant was reported improvement in knowledge about nutrition, exercise and insulin use. Regarding changes in self-care practices, most respondents reported a decrease in consumption of sugar and fat, and passed to police about the amount of food eateneach day, as well as the improvement of physical exercise. It was reported by respondents using the rotation in the application of insulin and early in the implementation of foot care, which was not done previously. In general, users have welcomed the participation in the group praising the attitude of professional communication and language used in the teaching-learning process. This study found that educational activities provided to improve knowledge about the disease, and encourage self-care practices associated with diet and exercise.