Museu do ouro: a formação de um patrimônio como mediador da identidade nacional

Abstract

Brazil from the twentieth century was characterized by a search for its identity, constituted by the state and some modernists. This vision takes shape and starts to influence structural changes in the formation of the Brazilian National Heritage through the creation of SPHAN (Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional - Office of National Historical and Artistic Heritage). The intention was to rescue and protect buildings and artifacts "characteristics" of Brazil, which would serve to building of the Brazilian identity. But how was the selection made? Who actually did it? The objective of this research is to note the influence of the State and the modernisms groups, studying a specific case - the Gold Museum of Sabará / MG that will enable us to understand how the selection was made and how the Brazilian Heritage was born. Thus, the text begins with the politic, focusing on education and culture in the Getúlio Vargas government and the Minister Gustavo Capanema. Then put in context the artistic and cultural manifestation from the modernisms groups that seek for Brazilian. After, analyse the works from SPHAN. Accordingly, the next chapter describes the history of the museum, its formation, its museums and museology. And finally, does the link between those groups that seek for the Brazilian modernism with the formation of Brazilian Heritage, using the case study. It is likely that through this study, in the final considerations, the conformation of the collections of the Brazilian Heritage. The contribution of this research is to allow from todays point of view to update the vision of the past and to think in the future of National heritage.