Sistema de esgotamento sanitário na ocupação Eliana Silva

Abstract

The self-built construction in precarious settlements in Brazil is not limited to houses, but also includes water supply systems, sanitation, paving etc. In the Eliana Silva Occupation, in Belo Horizonte, the self-construction of sanitary sewage systems involved partnerships between residents, the Movimento de Luta nos Bairros, Vilas e Favelas (MLB) and the school of architecture group, Práticas Sociais no Espaço Urbano (Praxis UFMG), among other actors. In the context of these partnerships, the systems built included a conventional network, tanks of evapotranspiration (Tevaps) and banana tree circles. When this research began, there occurred in the Eliana Silva occupation a replacement of the self-built systems by the conventional Copasa system. With this, the research attempted to answer the question: why do residents want the conventional Copasa system? The assumption was that there is an imposition of the centralized hegemonic system linked to the capitalist logic. The research then sought to understand the construction of the mercantilist logic of sanitary sewage from the institutions and public policies implemented during the military dictatorship, whose authoritarian context emerged the CESBs, among them Copasa-MG. In addition, investigate how the production of the hegemonic system of sanitary sewage of the city of Belo Horizonte, since it was created. Experimental actions were also systematized for the technical assistance of architecture for sanitary sewage solutions in urban occupations The methodology of this research involves theoretical revision and empirical analysis, made from interviews and mappings, between October 2016 and March 2017. The experimental technical assistance actions contributed to reduce the inequality of access to sanitary sewage service in the Eliana Silva occupation, however, the challenges of self-built construction with few resources and without State support were evidenced as a crucial factor for the residents' desire for hegemonic system, which is actually a necessity: access to the public service is denied to the residents, at the same time that initiatives are not developed or supported by self-production of the solutions, since the model is based on the centralization of technology and of resources. Therefore, despite the good acceptance by the residents of alternative systems, due to its simplicity and low cost, it was necessary to fight for access to the Copasa system, which is thus configured in a single, standardized and imposed solution.