Atenção primária na saúde e o ensino de graduação em odontologia

Abstract

In a world characterized by social disparities and inequities in health, becomes clear the importance of primary care to reorder the actions in this area and enable the production of health in a dignified, ethical and accessible way to the population. The human resources involved must be adequately prepared to work at this level of attention. The objectives of this study were check the understanding of students of dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais in relation to primary care and its relationship to professional practice. The research was conducted in two stages, a quantitative and a qualitative. In the first stage the data collection instrument used was a structured questionnaire and the studied population were students of 8th and 9th periods, with the participation of all students (n = 106). The questions were developed from essential dimensions of primary health, defined in the literature review: expanded view of health-disease process, including the person and not just his disease; the technology to work in the primary health; humanization of care, understood as bond and accountability, ethics and solidarity. Statistical analysis was performed in the BioEstat 4.0, using absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviation. For the relationship of responses between the two periods, the Mann Whitney test was used (confidence level of 0.95). The surveyed believe "vision of the health-disease" as expanded and that "appropriate technology" is limited to technology called hard and light-hard, with very little mention of the use of soft technologies. For "humanization of care" they define ethics as a commitment to the dignity of human life and solidarity is understood as politicized, link is established beyond technical skills and accountability reflects the prioritization of the individual. On the other hand, they understand that ethics and solidarity are not technologies that can be learned through deapenned study, being understood by students as "values" that can not be systematized into curricular content. The results of this research enabled the development of a roadmap for the next search. The qualitative research used the semi structured questionnaire as data collection instrument, and 8 students of the 9th period attended the research, generating enough data for analysis. The searched see primary care as a level characterized by simple clinical procedures, low resolution and do not mention the epidemiological complexity of the level. They point the importance of teacher and different scenarios in the learning process of primary care. They feel sensitized by the adverse situations of the assisted, have a tendency to an integral vision of individuals, but its practice tends not to change. There is a need to experience solutions of the specific problems of primary care so that they may not make biomedical attitudes to face these situations. Still, the profile of students points to an evolution in relation to other studies, which showed a large mismatch of graduates to face the problems of public health.