Fatores associados à violência intrafamiliar e solidão entre adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades, there has been an increase in the problems of violence and mental health among adolescents, becoming the main causes of the health problems of this population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with intrafamily violence and the feeling of loneliness experienced by Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This is a crosssectional study with secondary data analysis from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2015), conducted by IBGE, among students aged 13 to 17 years of public and private schools in Brazil. Descriptive analysis was carried out with a calculation of the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of intrafamily violence against adolescents and feelings of loneliness reported by students according to sociodemographic characteristics, family context, life styles and mental health. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression was performed, calculating the Odds Ratio for the investigation of the outcome of suffering intrafamily violence and the Poisson regression with calculation of the Prevalence Ratio for the investigation of the outcome of feeling loneliness among adolescents with the variables which presented association value p <0.20 in the bivariate analyzes. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: 5.7% (CI 95%: 5.1 - 6.4) of adolescents interviewed had suffered intrafamily violence at one time and 7.6% (95% CI: 6.7 - 8.5) related to violence more than once in the last 30 days. The highest chance of suffering intrafamily violence was more than once among those with characteristics: black skin color (ORa = 1,5, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.0), having insomnia (ORa = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.1), suffer from bullying rarely or sometimes (ORa = 1,5, 95% CI: 1.2 - 1.8), suffer from bullying (ORa = 3,9, 95% CI: 2,8-5,3), make use of cigarettes (ORa = 2,2, 95% CI: 1,6-3,0) and consume alcoholic beverage (ORa = 2.2 95% CI: 1, 7-2.7). Compared with adolescents aged 16 to 17 years (ORa = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.8), the female sex (ORa = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6 - 1.0), whose mothers had completed tertiary education (ORa = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9), who were comprehensive parents (ORa = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.7) and were supervised by relatives (ORa = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.7). Regarding solitude, 15.5% (95% CI: 14.5 - 16.6) of Brazilian students reported this condition in the last 12 months. Being female (RP = 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.9), the highest maternal level of education (RP = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 - 1.4), having insomnia (RPa = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.5-3.2), and to be victims of bullying rarely or sometimes (RPa = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3 - 1.7) and most of the time or always (RPa = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.7 - 2.3) had a higher prevalence rate of feeling only in the 12 months prior to the survey. Having friends (RPa = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7), having a meal with parents or guardians 5 days or more in the week (RPa = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6-0 , 8) and having 9 comprehensive parents (RPa = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4 - 0.5) had a lower prevalence ratio in the report of solitude among adolescents. CONCLUSION: Intrafamily violence against adolescents is related to the conditions of social inequalities, the use of psychoactive substances, the experience of situations of violence in the school environment and in the family context. Already the solitude among adolescents is associated with sex, social and family support, intrafamily violence and risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and bullying, becoming frequent in adolescents' reports. It is necessary to invest in policies aimed at promoting physical and mental well-being of adolescents, such as promoting the relationship of friendship and family participation in adolescents' lives.