Associação entre provável bruxismo do sono e uso de smartphone em adolescentes

Abstract

Sleep bruxism has a multifactorial etiology and may be associated with the use of smartphones. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association of probable sleep bruxism related to teeth-grinding activity (PSB-G) with smartphone use characteristics in adolescents. The Institutional Research Ethics Committee approved the study (CAAE: 91561018.5.0000.5149), conducted with adolescents from 12 to 19 years old, from public and private schools in Belo Horizonte. Parents answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic information and medication use of their child. The adolescents answered a questionnaire with data on sleep characteristics, self-reported sleep bruxism, life satisfaction and smartphone use. As confounding variables, life satisfaction was assessed using the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction for Adolescents Scale (MLSAS), anterior cervical posture and self-reported sleep quality, as these are factors found in the literature, associated with both PSB activity and the use of the smartphone. Subsequently, they were examined in schools by a calibrated researcher to assess the presence of signs and symptoms associated with PSB-G, intraoral (attrition, edentulous tongue, linea alba) and extraoral (lip sealing, pain on palpation of the masseter and temporalis bilateral muscles; click / deviations in the temporomandibular joint). PSB-G was categorized using a severity scale as mild, moderate and severe. Cervical posture was assessed by digital photogrammetry to determine craniovertebral angle (CVA). The photographs were analyzed using SAPO® software to measure postural change. Descriptive analyzes and Poisson hierarchical regression were performed (p <0.05). Four hundred and three adolescents, with a mean age of 14.4 years (+1.60) participated in the study, 234 (58.1%) were girls and 99.7% had their own smartphone. The prevalence of PBS-R was 20.1%. For multivariate Poisson regression, the adjusted final hierarchical model, considering the variable 'life satisfaction' at level four, showed that adolescents who reported poor sleep quality (PR = 3.001; CI = 1.439-6.256; P = 0.003) had more severe PSB-G. It was concluded that adolescents with a history of worse sleep quality had higher severity of PSB-G in the present sample.