Capacitação de cuidadores familiares para o cuidado com usuários que convivem com processos crônicos na atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

BARBOSA, Fabrícia Josely Oliveira. Aspects of training on family care for users who deal with chronic processes in the primary attention to health. 2020. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Profissional em Gestão de Serviços de Saúde) – Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 2020. INTRODUCTION: Care actions need an understanding of the problem that led to the individual's dependence and technical knowledge to perform procedures with quality, thus requiring the support of a multidisciplinary health team to qualify informal family caregivers. The family caregiver is an individual who is responsible for the dependent person´s continuous care, even though (s)he does not have any specific training. In this context, the need to understand this relationship is highlighted, as well as whether there is training for those caregivers, and how/who performs the training, since it generates impacts on the life and health of both the caregiver and the dependent one. OBJECTIVE: To get to know about the training process for family caregivers who carry out the care of dependent users through a chronic process in the context of primary health care. METHOD: This is a qualitative study developed with a population of 25 caregivers of individuals who are dependent of care, assigned to two Basic Health Units in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Data collection was carried out by means of home visits between August and September 2016. A questionnaire was used for the sociodemographic characterization of the caregiver and dependent individual. The data were analyzed by using Bardin’s method through analysis of the content, in order to obtain textual indicators that allow the inference of knowledge regarding the conditions of production and message reception. After the analysis, the data were reflected through three categories, as follows: 1- Clinical orientation for the family caregiver; 2- Need of professional training; 3- Health professionals’ support. RESULTS: There was a predominance of female caregivers, with low education and income levels, without paid activities, who were the dependent person’s children, sedentary, with a non-transmissible disease or condition. With regard to training, the participants stated that they had not taken any courses for exercising care activities. As to the analysis categories, the need of family caregivers’ training was highlighted. In addition, it brought up difficulties about the act of caring due to lack of knowledge and support from the FHS (Family Health Strategy). Regarding the professionals, it was pointed out that few are trained and willing to promote educational strategies with family caregivers. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Care for debilitated and dependent people has been carried out by relatives, mostly female, with great social and financial vulnerabilities, without instruction in the provision of assistance. Thus, the socioeconomic characteristics of the caregiver are decisive factors in their quality of life. This study highlights that there is a need for training courses and it also suggests on-site guidance for caregivers, which would contribute to improving the act of caring and increasing the life expectancy of both the dependent person and the caregiver.