Biomarcadores da função renal: do que dispomos atualmente?

Abstract

The assessment of renal function is very important in clinical practice, both for diagnosis and for prognosis and monitoring of renal diseases. In this context, the role of the laboratory is of great importance, since most of the kidney disease manifests itself clinically only when more than 50 to 75% of kidney function is compromised. The development of new biomarkers for early diagnosis, risk stratification, prognosis of renal injury has been a major focus of research involving the renal system. Thus, several new biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and low-molecular weight proteins and enzymes, and others, have been proposed to diagnose/monitoring acute and chronic renal diseases. The aim of this study is to discuss aspects related to the main biomarkers used in routine laboratory tests for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of patients with renal dysfunction, as well as provide new markers that stand out in the recent literature, and that may be promising in clinical practice.