Perfil demográfico e epidemiológico de pacientes com úlcera venosa no município de Nova Lima-MG

Abstract

This is a quantitative, descriptive and cross with the objective of describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients with venous leg ulcers, treated in units of primary health care in the municipality of Nova Lima - MG. The sample consisted of 12 patients. It was observed that the majority were aged between 46 and 56 years, with equal distribution of gender, marital status (among married and widowed) and religion (between Catholics and evangelicals). There was a predominance of people with low education, income between 0 and 2 minimum wages, retired, living with four to six people, in their own house. Hypertension and obesity were the comorbidities more prevalent (70%). The majority (83%) hadn’t used alcohol and no one had used tobacco. Regarding the use of medications, 87.5% used antihypertensive drugs. Regarding the number of wounds, patients were equally distributed. The time of existence of those wounds ranged from 2 months to 3 years, the majority (72%) reported living with them for over a year. The region most affected was the medial malleolus D. Most patients (58%) had pain. All patients had hyperpigmentation, edema, lipodermatosclerosis, ankle-arm index (AAI) greater than 0.9 and exuding wounds. All wounds biopsied showed number of colonies less than 105 UFC/g tissue. The isolated bacterias were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. coli, especially the first three. Such species were susceptible to the most of the antibiotics tested and 62% were resistant to at least one antibiotic inhibiting the bacterial cell wall. Regarding the topical treatment of patients with venous ulcers, are perceived some unconformities, since most patients do not use compression therapy and does not rest and when they do, it is improperly. These numerous factors, be they demographic or clinical trials associated with the presence of venous ulcers can negatively influence the evolution of this disease. Therefore, such patients need that the professionals responsible for their care have a holistic look and behavior based on scientific evidence.