Estudo da cobertura nas campanhas de vacinação antirrábica em cães e gatos e sua relação com os casos de raiva humana no Brasil, de 2012 a 2017.

Abstract

Brazil presents one of the largest estimated canine populations on the planet, with about 30 to 50 million animals. Since the implementation of the National Rabies Prevention Program (PNPR) in 1973, several systematic actions have been adopted in the country, with anti-rabies prophylaxis focusing on vaccination of a minimum of 80% of the canine population, which aims the reduction of the viral transmission between species and the human mortality rate due to the disease. Currently, vaccination prophylaxis is one of the actions contemplated by the National Immunization Program (PNI) of the Ministry of Health as a public health strategy for SUS and aims to vaccinate dogs and cats in the country, as well as human risk groups for the disease, as health professionals and animal keepers. This measure was responsible for the reduction of the frequency of human rabies cases with the canine viral variant in the country, the last registration being made in 2015, in the state of Mato Grosso. This work intended to carry out an epidemiological study of rabies vaccination success in dogs and cats and the spatio-temporal characterization of human cases of rabies notified from 2012 to 2017, in addition to verifying the existence of a relationship between such occurrences through the conduct of a retrospective longitudinal study carried out with secondary data referring to the rabies vaccination campaigns for dogs and cats carried out in Brazil from 2012 to 2017. It was observed that in the period from 2012 to 2017, the minimum vaccination target of 80% of the population of dogs and cats in Brazil was met only in the last year. It was possible to identify the inefficiency in the estimation of the population of dogs and cats in a generalized way throughout the national territory, which results in the maintenance of the circulation of the rabies virus, even of different variants, which can cause the reemergence of the disease in the country.