Análise da situação sanitária dos serviços de saúde no estado de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Health services have advanced in recent decades in terms of quality and safety requirements. As they are considered to be of great public relevance, it is necessary to know and outline the panorama of health risks identified in health services that impact the health situation at a territorial level. The present study had the general objective of analyzing the health situation of health services located in the state of Minas Gerais from 2020 to 2022. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was developed, with a quantitative approach, using secondary data stored by the Minas Gerais State Department of Health (SES-MG) through the risk notification instrument - Vigi-Risco in the area of health services and public access indicators. The comparative analysis of the data was performed using the chi-square test at a significance level of 5% to verify the existence of an association between the dependent variable health risk and the variables: nature of the establishment, population size, Municipal Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product and Minas Gerais Social Responsibility Index - health dimension. The phi coefficient was used to verify the intensity of the association between the variables. The results showed that of the total of n=102,733 notifications in health services in the period analyzed, 13,353 (13%) were considered as establishments that could generate health risks; the most commonly found nonconformities were in the areas of documentation/quality assurance (n=48,337; 35.47%) and physical structure (n=27,370; 20.09%); the most frequent facts generating inspection were requests for renewal of health licenses (n=52,190; 47.79%) and interest of health surveillance (n=28,136; 25.77%); and the most relevant actions adopted by the government were guidance (n=58,115; 58.94%) and notification (n=38,546; 39.09%). In spatial distribution, the health risk is mostly concentrated in the Central and Northern Triangle Health Macroregions (>20%) and less relevantly in the Eastern South Macroregion (<5%). The study demonstrated, with a 95% confidence level, that there is a (weak) association between the health risk and the variables analyzed (p<0.05), except for the population size variable, in which no statistically significant association was observed between small municipalities and health risk. It is concluded that the majority of the inspected health services followed the legally established health standards. Therefore, the health situation in Minas Gerais, in general, is positive in the period analyzed, considering the identification of a low percentage of health services that can generate risk to the health of the population. The research is of high academic relevance, since the literature still lacks research on the health situation in health services in Brazil. The research object represents an important analytical field of the National Health Surveillance Policy within the scope of the Unified Health System. As a technical product, a technical data panel illustrated by means of the Power BI software will be delivered to SES-MG.