Fatores psicossociais como preditores prognósticos nas tendinopatias: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Tendinopathies, musculoskeletal conditions commonly observed among athletes and workers, are currently experiencing a growing increase in new cases, generating a significant impact on the economy, resulting in a significant financial burden on the various health-related sectors. There is a notoriety that the impact of psychological components can influence the results of functional rehabilitation, indicating that a biopsychosocial approach can lead to better results. Objective: To examine the influence of psychosocial determinants as potential prognostic factors in upper and lower limb tendinopathies. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO databases were included. This scoping review considered observational studies that investigated psychosocial factors as prognostic predictors in individuals with tendinopathies and was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of cohort and case studies; for cross-sectional studies, an adaptation of the scale was used to allow analysis of the studies. Results: Database searches identified 8,640 studies, but only 22 studies were included. The studies showed that factors such as depression, anxiety, kinesiophobia and psychological trauma were present in individuals with rotator cuff, elbow, wrist, gluteal and achilles tendinopathy, and amplify the sensation of pain, reducing quality of life, increasing the chance of develop cumulative traumas and worse performance scores on validated measures. Conclusion: We conclude that prognostic factors are interconnected with psychosocial factors in individuals with tendinopathy, and that they can impact the clinical prognosis, but it cannot be definitively concluded that psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, stress, among others, worsen clinical prognoses.