Práticas de intervenção precoce centradas na família para crianças com risco ou atraso do desenvolvimento motor

Abstract

Developmental delays (DD) are obstacles that can affect various areas of child development, such as sensory-motor, cognition, language, and socio-emotional aspects, potentially causing significant long-term impacts. Early intervention (EI), focusing on active family participation, plays a fundamental role in promoting child development. However, it is still unclear how these EIs are being implemented. Objective: To identify and analyze family-centered EI practices and their effectiveness for children at risk of or with motor developmental delays. Methods: This study conducted an integrative literature review. Articles published in the last ten years were selected, including clinical trials, cohort studies, pilot studies, and case reports. A search was conducted in the Embase and Medline/PubMed databases using terms such as "developmental delay," "early intervention," and "family-centered practice," among others, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results: A total of 2,432 articles were found, and after screening, only seven studies met the eligibility criteria. The analysis of the results revealed that Parent Coaching (43%) and "COPing with and Curing for infants with special needs" (COPCA) (29%) were the most frequently utilized family-centered EI practices for children at risk of or with motor developmental delays. Among the evaluated articles, five studies (71.4%) demonstrated positive outcomes for family-centered EI in the motor domain. Conclusion: Factors such as poverty, malnutrition, and lack of stimulation, along with other social determinants, negatively impact the optimal development of children. In this context, family-centered EI, especially when using coaching, stands out as an effective and economically viable method to promote child development. The active involvement of family members is, therefore, essential to improve the outcomes of these interventions and ensure healthy and comprehensive development for children.