Necessidades educacionais para a prática clínica na perspectiva de farmacêuticos do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract

Pharmaceutical Care is a proposal for professional practice capable of meeting the current social demand for reducing morbidity and mortality related to the use of medications. For its operationalization, the development of clinical and humanistic competencies that contribute to rational decision-making in pharmacotherapy is expected. The lack of pharmacists with clinical training is a bias for the implementation and expansion of the provision of Pharmaceutical Care, and continuing education is an important tool to minimize these training gaps for professionals already working in the health system. Thus, it is expected to understand the educational needs of pharmacists in the Unified Health System, in order to support the structuring of a training model for the practice of care, in the context of the professionals' work. This is a qualitative research, based on the Grounded Theory. For data collection, a structured questionnaire was used and individual interviews were conducted with nine pharmacists who are references for clinical practice in the hospitals of the network. From the systematic analysis of the data, three main categories related to the process of developing competencies for clinical pharmaceutical practice were revealed: 1. Learning from practical experiences – learning methods from undergraduate studies to professional practice; 2. (Not) Assuming responsibility for the patient's pharmacotherapy; and 3. Developing competencies for clinical practice. The theoretical model developed reveals that the pharmacist's clinical competencies are mainly motivated and learned by the experiences lived in professional practice, through which they develop the ability to critically reflect to improve their practice and the perception of their educational needs throughout their professional career. Awareness of professional responsibility, based on the internalization of the philosophy of professional practice, supports and strengthens the development of competencies, since it allows the professional to have greater discernment regarding their attributions and understanding of the attitudes, skills and knowledge necessary for clinical practice, also enabling the integration of the pharmacist into the multidisciplinary team. Finally, it also reveals that clinical skills involve a set of cognitive and attitudinal attributes that need to be developed to achieve effective clinical practice, among which the development of theoretical knowledge, communication skills and standardization of a care process stand out. It is expected that, with this work, the knowledge generated will contribute to the institutionalization of educational processes aimed at the development of clinical competencies by pharmacists working in the health system.