Capacidade para o trabalho e o estresse ocupacional entre trabalhadores em reajustamento funcional de uma rede hospitalar pública

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Work Ability (WA) is a person's self-perception of their health, work and lifestyle. Changes in WA, often related to the diagnosis of disabling diseases, may generate the need for functional readjustment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of employees of the Emergency Hospital Complex (CHU) of the Minas Gerais State Hospital Foundation (Fhemig) who were undergoing temporary or permanent functional readjustment due to musculoskeletal disorders, evaluating their WA and the level of occupational stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational cross-sectional study. Data on effective employees who were on functional readjustment due to a musculoskeletal disease were collected using a sociodemographic form. The Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Job Stress Scale (JSS) were also used for an integrated analysis of the health conditions and psychosocial demands experienced by the employees. DATA ANALYSIS: A descriptive analysis was performed based on medical records, databases and instrument results. The normality of continuous variables was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Exploratory analysis was conducted to investigate associations between WAI scores, JSS domains and variables related to functional readjustment. Comparison tests appropriate to the data distribution were used for comparisons between groups of workers. Correlations between continuous variables were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients. The level of statistical significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: Most workers who presented functional readjustment were female, nursing technicians, with a mean age of 52.31 years, married, with a high level of education and more than 21 years of experience in the profession. The main musculoskeletal disorders that led to functional readjustment were pathologies related to the spine. The workers had multimorbidities and presented good to moderate WAI and passive work. The employees in permanent readjustment showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in four of the six dimensions of the WAI. The overall score was also better. The employees who were changed functions and have permanent readjustment had better WAI scores, when compared to those who did not change. CONCLUSION: The reformulation of the strategies used to readjust workers should not focus on the pathology of these individuals, but on their adaptation to a more complex situation, giving greater attention to coping with disability, self-management skills, social support in the workplace and health education, enabling a positive response from these workers.