Osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos: revisão de literatura e relato de casos

Abstract

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious complication characterized by an area of exposed bone in the maxillofacial region that does not heal within a range of eight weeks in an individual being treated or been exposed to a bisphosphonate, with no history of radiation therapy to the craniofacial region. Its main symptoms are pain, swelling, infection, ulceration of the soft tissues and radiographic changes. Bisphosphonates (BP's) are anti resorptive drugs used to treat diseases that compromise the bone such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, multiple myeloma and bone metastases controls, particularly breast and prostate cancer. Its pharmacological action is the inhibition of bone resorption, although its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Despite the best treatment modality is not a consensus among authors, prevention is seen as the best strategy. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of the subject and score the most important aspects of BRONJ, including their clinical and radiographic characteristics, history, pathogenesis, risk factors, treatment and prevention and report two cases related to the topic.