Fatores biomecânicos relacionados ao desenvolvimento da síndrome da banda iliotibial em corredores

Abstract

Iliotibial band syndrome (LTIS) is a major cause of pain in runners knee side. This syndrome is secondary to the repetitive sliding of the iliotibial band over the lateral epicondyle of the femur during knee flexion and extension that occurs after the shock phase of the heel in the race. The aim of this study was to critically review the literature on the biomechanical factors that may be related to the development of LTIS in runners. Studies were included in the review investigating the local, proximal and distal biomechanical factors which may provide greater contact between the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the iliotibial band, increasing possibility of friction between these structures during the race. Identifying these factors is necessary to determine appropriate programs of rehabilitation and prevention, thus avoiding the removal of the athlete's sport. The results suggest that factors such as weakness of hip abductors and external rotators of the hip, knee valgus and dynamic excessive subtalar pronation may be related to the development of LTIS. Analyses demonstrate some controversial and inconclusive results, highlighting the need for additional studies with emphasis on kinematics of the entire leg during the race to identify the mechanisms related to LTIS. Furthermore, all planes of movement of the lower limb must be considered, especially during the support phase of the race, to assess the actual behavior and stress in BIT during this activity.