A produção do imaginário de eficiência escolar das aulas de instrução elementar de mestres particulares em Minas Gerais, século XIX (1835-1889)

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the process of institutionalization of the primary education in Minas Gerais from 1835 to 1889 showing the specificities of the organization and the operation of private classes compared to public classes. In Brazil, the nineteenth century was marked by the ideals of the construction of a nation, strengthening of the National State. One of the actions which have been made for it was the implementation and diffusion of the primary education, or to know how to read, write and count. Since the Constitution of 1824, was instituted free primary education for all citizens. The Additional Act of 1834 regulated the obligation of this education and the decentralization of regulations that organize education leaving it to each province establish govern the process of structuring legislative education. Educational policies developed by the élite in Brazil contemplated the access to primary education for all classes as a way to educate and civilize people. The education was seen as a strategic way of maintaining the order. In this study it was analysed the educational laws in Minas Gerais showing the regulations spent on private and public masters. We showed the liberal policies that favored the existence of primary classes of private masters and discuss the patronage networks that were formed between masters and managers and that also supported the work of these classes. We analysed how the organization of teaching work was, the inspection and the control practiced by the State and parents in private primary school and the way of state subsidy, making comparisons to the salaries of public and private teachers and professionals of education, beyond analyzing documents done by managers and that indicate a higher qualification of teachers and private primary classes to the detriment of public education. We discussed the factors that throughout the nineteenth century in the province of Minas Gerais, contributed to the construction of collective thoughts which devalued teachers and public classes and valued the private teachers and classes, such as components of an imaginary efficiency of primary school classes tutors. The discussions will address proposals from crossing and dialogue of documentary sources, such as reports of provincial presidents, educational legislation of the province of Minas Gerais, reports of the ministers of empire, the School Magazine, the Magazine of Education and several crafts found in Arquivo Público Mineiro, along with bibliographies that discuss the issues.