Estudo dos distúrbios ostemusculares em cirurgiões-dentistas

Abstract

The work-related musculoskeletal disorders are characterized by erosion of structures of the musculoskeletal system and generated by the repetitive use of the system without time for recovery. The aim of the study is to identify the main types of musculoskeletal disorders, and the risk factors that occur in dentists, as well as aspects related to prevention. We conducted a narrative literature, with publications from 2000 to 2011, in databases containing indexed journals, such as BIREME, MEDLINE, Lilacs and Scielo in the period of November, 2010 to April, 2011. The work-related musculoskeletal disorders leaves to professional temporary incapacitation or permanent, and therefore considered by the Health Ministery as a public health problem. The chronic inflammatory process affects the joints, tendons, muscles, nerves, synovium, blood vessels and can occur anywhere in the locomotor system, although the cervical and lumbar spine are the most affected. The professional practice requires that dentists use in performing the tasks, the arms often with repetition of the same movement pattern, assuming incorrect postures and using excessive force. There is evidence showing that the more specialized the dentist, higher will be their repetitive movements, thus increasing the chances of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. We concluded that to improve the overall health and provide a better quality of life, it is necessary more information and awareness to dentists in order to improve the ergonomic work environment, with changes in postures, intervals between sessions, stretching and physical activity.