Ação anti-inflamatória do resveratrol na melhora das complicações crônicas causadas pelo Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by deficiency of insulin and / or insulin resistance. Numerous complications arise as a result of metabolic changes of Diabetes mellitus, which may lead to complications in the circulatory system, hurting the vascular endothelium and thus the appearance of inflammatory processes. The literature suggests that the defense cells of the body, responsible for phagocytosis of foreign bodies, isolated from diabetic patients release high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. The decrease of circulating insulin in the hepatic portal vein system provides an increase of inflammatory proteins in the liver, that are physiologically inhibited by insulin. The hyperglycemia from diabetes leads to glycation, that in turn induces immune cells activation, oxidative stress and increased synthesis of inflammatory mediators. These processes can cause complications such as atherosclerosis, thromboembolic problems, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, among others. The purpose of this monograph is review the literature about the compound resveratrol, diabetes and prospects as regards the anti-inflammatory action of resveratrol on chronic complications caused by Diabetes mellitus. This review brought 10 articles about this subject, with testes in vitro and in vivo. Considering original articles or reviews written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, and the searches were done in the portal SCIELO, LILACS and PORTAL CAPES, and classic books of Pharmacology and about plants. Found in a wide variety of plants, the largest source of resveratrol is the vine and its manufactured products, such as wine. The resveratrol in plants has function to protect them from external damage caused by UV radiation, bacterial and fungal attack and exposure to ozone. Resveratrol is beneficial to the organism by inhibiting platelet aggregation, reducing oxidative stress, has lipolytic activity in adipose cells, reduce fat levels in the vessel´s walls.and reduce the inflammatory factors. The literature put that its anti-inflammatory effect is due to inhibition of various pro-inflammatory pathways, and therefore the reduction of pro-inflammatory markers such as cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, in different ways. The selected articles showed ample evidence pointed out that resveratrol was able to reduce the inflammatory effects caused by Diabetes mellitus and improvements the nephropathy, neuropathy, liver disease, retinopathy, insulitis, among others, being a potential pharmacological tool. However, further studies and research about this subject are necessary, especially in humans to that in the future, resveratrol can be used for the purposes already mentioned. This review can serve as a research tool so that other researchers can use to study in depth into this subject.