Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e seus fatores associados: Uma análise dos usuários da atenção básica à saúde no Brasil

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The measure of health-related quality of life (HRQL), an important tool for health promotion, refers to how an individual assesses their own general well-being and health. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and its associated factors in Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Public Health System (SUS). METHODS: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of the National Research of Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Drugs (PNAUM) Services component in Brazil. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires which included the instrument of HRQoL, the EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between HRQoL and its factors associated. RESULTS: A total of 8.590 users of PHC reported its HRQoL. Pain/Discomfort (50.7%) and Anxiety/Depression (38.8%) were dimensions in which users reported more often some problem. About 10% of users reported extreme problems in these dimensions. A worse HRQoL was significantly associated with the following factors: Human Biology (age from 40-59 years; women; stroke; heart diseases; depression; arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatism) and Behavior and Lifestyle (diet to lose weight; diet to reduce fat intake; health self-assessment as poor or very poor; the use of alcoholic beverage once or more per month) and Environment (users residing in South). A greatest HRQoL was significantly associated with the following factors: Environment (users residing in the North and the Southeast and better level of education) and Behavior and Lifestyle (the practice of physical activity). There was no association with HRQoL and factors of related to health services. CONCLUSION: These findings show that the HRQoL of this population was influenced by the factors of Human Biology, Environment and Behavior and Lifestyle. Thus, the HRQoL can be an important measure for promoting health and comprehensive health care to users of SUS.