A luta pela terra em contexto de injustiça agrária: pedagogia de emancipação humana? Experiências de luta da CPT e do MST

Abstract

This thesis analyzes two experiences of fighting for land, accompanied by the CPT and the MST: in Campo do Meio, southern Minas Gerais, the struggle for land that generated the conquest of the First Southern Settlements (1997 to 2016), Santo Dias and New Conquest II and 11 encampments; In Salto da Divisa, in the Lower Jequitinhonha, MG: Dom Luciano Mendes Encampment (2006 to 2015), which led to the conquest of the settlements Dom Luciano Mendes and Sister Geraldinha and the Ouro e Prata Encampment. The research addresses the struggle for land in two spaces with very specific contexts of struggles in relation to the collective subjects that accompany them. Thus the CPT, in its perspective of struggle for land, as a prophetic struggle and the occupation, as a means. The MST as an action of "Occupy, resist and produce" to "Occupy, resist and produce in an agroecological way". The theoretical analysis is anchored in human emancipation according to Marx and several marxists. Historical-dialectical materialism is our theoretical and practical basis. We analyze the cultural question in the struggle for land: the dominant and hegemonic ideology; The system of Capital and capitalism, great obstacles in the struggle for land in the context of agrarian injustice; A series of related points, such as: capitalist possession and / or ownership of land, the major root? The alliance of backwardness - state and oligarchies - and control of land in Brazil; The Church and the agrarian question: from solidarity to the politicization of the struggle for land; 'Free' salaried work and the production of surplus value: the body of oppression ?; The income of land and the struggle for land: the more you fight for land, the less income and vice versa; Pillars of Brazilian society: great territorial ownership and slavery (and, later, the ¯colonato regime); The ideology of work as a means of enrichment; The captivity of the land, a condition for abolishing black slavery and a means to increase the accumulation of surplus value; With the labor force of immigrants, the surplus value of the agrarian capitalists is reproduced and expanded; The Law of Land: in Brazil, purchase; In the United States, possession. The struggle for land integrates the struggle for democracy, against patriarchy and the ¯Verdeamarelismo; The dominant ideology, which occurs/runs in the deepest social relations: fetishism and reification, branches that circulate the air of capital; The religious question in the struggle for land under the Marxist perspective. Is the struggle for land being or could it become a pedagogy of human emancipation? We seek to understand the CPT and MST praxis in the struggle for land in a context of agrarian injustice, but the question remains: in the struggle for land, a pedagogy of human emancipation? We conclude the thesis with a reflection on the utopia of the struggle for land. In the final considerations we list the main findings of theoretical research and field research. This research meets the criteria of ethics in research involving human beings, and the project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais / UFMG, Opinion n. 640,955, dated 5/23/2014 - CAAE: 28597514.0.0000.5149, 06/06/2014.