O olhar pediátrico no diagnóstico das alterações específicas dodesenvolvimento da linguagem

Abstract

Objective: To know the perception of the pediatricians as well as their professional practices to undergo the directing children with symptoms of any alteration on the language acquisition and development to phonoaudiological intervention and to elaborate a language observationprotocol to the pediatricians. Methods: Descriptive study, with lined-up raising, through a questionnaire. It was mainly self-answers kind, with especially multiple choice questions, concerning to the following areas: pediatricians graduation and intervention, and pediatriciansperception degree concerning to language development, criteria to direct children suspected of alterations in language development. The sample was designed with 91 pediatricians located in Belo Horizonte municipality public health centers. The questionnaire had been distributed to the pediatricians by the Secretaria Municipal de Saúde1 de Belo Horizonte sanitary districts itself. MS-Excel was used to tabulate the data and to generate the graphics. Later, the data were transferred to SPSS 15.0. The descriptive analysis was made by using the frequency distribution of the categorical variables and the central bias measures analysis and the dispersion of continue variables, the Qui-square, Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and T-Student tests were applied to the inferential analysis at a significance level of 5%. Results: The sample assessed in this research shows similar characterization: concerning to academic aspects, most of the pediatricians (46.2%) had graduated from 1981 to 1989 and the most referred institution was the Medical School of the UFMG2. From the pediatricians, 44.0% work as pediatricians from 21 to 30 years. 83.5% of the pediatricians consider they have information enough about language. Concerning to the perception of the pediatrician referring to linguistic and pre-linguistic development, it is shown that the linguistic phases are identified only in their higher marks, since that, in expressive language; they showed more knowledge relates to the stage when the first babbling starts in pre-verbal phase and the emission of simple sentences in verbal phase. In receptive language, the knowledge was centered on the aspects of children do not answer to verbal requirements and daily orders during the consultations. The Qui-squared test showed that there is a statistically significant association (value-p = 0.00) between the year of graduation and the approach given by the pediatrician to the study of language development. It was possible to check that the pediatricians observed the language development thus direct observation and questioning the parents. The study also showed the age which pediatricians suspect alterations on the language acquisition and development may be consider inadequate. The Qui-squared test showed that there is a statistically significant association (value-p = 0.00) between the observation of language development and the counseling to parents referring to language development. This fact highlights the most of pediatricians (93.4%) observes the language development during consultation and, from them, only 49.5% direct parents (Graphic 8). Conclusions: The relation between Pediatrics and Fonoaudiology has to be increased to a better escorting to children to an identification of communicative development, especially inwhat concerns to pre-verbal phases and non-verbal communicative abilities in order that the pediatricians instrument themselves so they can earlier detect specific alterations in children language.