Adesão a modos saudáveis de vida por usuários de serviço de atenção primária à saúde mediante aconselhamento

Abstract

Given the current health scenario, marked by an increase in noncommunicable diseases and injuries (NCD), advice on healthy ways of life by health professionals is indispensable as a strategy for health promotion and disease prevention in Primary Health Care (PHC). In this sense, the objective was to verify adherence to healthy ways of life through counseling conducted by health professionals, as well as factors associated with two outcomes (counseling and adherence) among users of PHC services in Belo Horizonte-MG. Sectional study was conducted with a sample of individuals aged 20 years or more between October 2009 and January 2010. We investigated the frequency of completion of advice on healthy ways of living (healthy eating and physical activity) by health professionals and adherence by users of a Basic Health Unit, as well as variables related to socioeconomic data, food consumption and anthropometric measurements. Were performed Qui-Square of Pearson and Fishers Exact tests and Poisson regression with robust variance as the final model of multivariate analysis. The sample consisted of 417 individuals, mostly women (78.9%), with a median age of 39 years, and with a high prevalence of NCD (hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, 33.3%; 17.3%). There was insufficient frequency of counseling (40.8%) on the health status of users. However, the compliance rate (50.9%) higher than other studies, and physicians (80.1%) most cited as the professionals responsible for advising. Have hypertension (PR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.66), hypercholesterolemia (PR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.05), provide adequate intake of processed spices (PR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.78) and participate in health promoting activities - Academy of the City - (PR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.36) remained associated with receiving counseling after adjustment by Poisson regression. The variables related to adherence of users, who remained in the model after adjustment, were the perception of healthy food (PR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.43) and participation in activities of the Academy of the City (RP : 1.55, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.03). It was considered insufficient the frequency of counseling on healthy ways of life by the health professionals, as well as the rate of adherence reported by users. It is noteworthy, therefore, the importance of strengthening work in multidisciplinary primary health care, aiming at the implementation of preventive actions aimed at the NCD and health promotion in order to contribute to improving the quality of life of users.