A realidade socioambiental imposta às comunidades locais pela criação e implementação dos Parques Estaduais do Biribiri e Rio Preto

Abstract

Biribiri and Rio Pretostate parks, located in the Upper Valley Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais state, characterized by global geological, geo-environmental aspects and morphopedological aspects attributes that confer great economic potential, but also extreme fragility, that justified the creation of parks. The biological and geological diversity of the region conditioned the construction of a natural sociocultural reality, which is expressed by the tradition of floristic and sustainable mineral extraction. Because the modern labor relations and consumption has been a decline in traditional extractive due to the increase of predatory extraction generating a sudden change in the sociocultural reality of the communities who inhabit rural areas. . This reality further justified the creation of Conservation Units and imposing limits on the use of the countryside by rural communities. Based on the presented scenario the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between the Biribiri the Rio Pretostate parks and the local communities and as a category of analysis, the conflict, that interferes directly or indirectly in dynamic social and community on management integral protection areas. For organizational purposes, the survey was divided into steps, which were methodological procedures: literature review, field reconnaissance of the area (parks and local communities) through participant observation, conducting semi-structured interviews, with residents of local communities as well as the managers of the conservation unit and, finally, a map of the local communities, recognizing the limits of Parks and their buffer zones, distribution of land use and occupation of Parks and buffer zones between 1991 and 2011 .Clearly the demographic deflation in almost all nine communities studied, a fact not only triggered at the time of creation of the UC ` s , but regionally evidenced from the 1970s . The realities of land on Biribiri and Rio Preto parks are distinct and which consequently generates realities of physical infrastructure and human completely different. The Rio Preto State Park, settled in land terms, hardly has the feeling of uncertainty among community and UC and allowed the preparation and conduct projects aimed at the implementation of infrastructure and approach to society.From maps for use and occupation, comparing results for the period 1991/1994 to 2011, it was possible to track trends of dynamic classes analyzed. In parks areas there is a tendency to stabilize the Grassland Formation and a decrease in Class Savanna/ associated Forest Formation. This decrease is conditioned to the time required for its regeneration since the images analyzed were obtained in drier seasons allied recurrence of wildfires. The temporal maps showed a trend of stabilization for the class Bare Soil. Even in the period before the creation of the parks the Bare Soil class showed less than 1% of the area within the limits of the two parks. In the Buffer Zone of Rio Preto Park there was a peak of 5% due to the expansion of Forestry . The reality exposed by temporal analysis of the use and occupation of the land disagrees with information contained in the Management Plans of both parks who claim traditional slant activities are crucial to the loss of environmental quality in the areas of parks factors.