Plano de intervenção para enfrentamento do tabagismo em Unidade Básica de Saúde de Janaúba/MG

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an intervention project to increase adherence to treatment for smoking on the scope of the health team José Valter Araújo em Janaúba (MG). A literature review narrative, to clarify about the difficulty of adherence to treatment of smokers was performed. Therefore, a search for articles published in the last ten years and indexed in Scientific Eletronic Library Online (ScIELO) and the Virtual Health Library (VHL) was performed. Institutional sites and manuals from the health ministry were also used. The keyword was searched are smoking. Search was refined by the expression smoking cessation treatment. 58 works that address the proposed topic were found. Smoking is understood as the habit of consuming products containing tobacco and nicotine in which is the active principle. Smoking is considered a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Currently there are about 1.1 billion smokers in the world. Estimates suggest that by 2015, tobacco is responsible for 10% of global deaths. In Brazil, smoking is responsible for 200,000 deaths annually. The impact on health arising from tobacco use is widely known. Tobacco use is responsible for 90% of lung tumors, 75% of chronic bronchitis and 25% of ischemic heart disease. According to WHO, every 8 seconds a person dies in the world due to tobacco. The pharmacological and behavioral interventions are the treatment options available. The drugs help in managing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Are widely used nicotinic agents on Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and antidepressants. NRT and bupropion are the first-line drugs. Nortriptyline and clonidine are considered second line. The non-pharmacological treatment consists of psychoeducation techniques, enhancing self-efficacy, support and encouragement of the therapeutic relationship. The most widespread technique is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The smoker usually has a state of ambivalence toward the withdrawal symptoms and desire to quit the habit. Most smokers report that decided to quit smoking for health reasons or due to social problems. The factors that impact treatment adherence are motivation, nicotine addiction, the nicotine withdrawal syndrome and the possibility of gaining weight. The proposed action plan seeks to minimize the problem of the high prevalence of smoking-related identified on the scope of the health team cancer. It is a comprehensive plan, which aims to minimize the risk of acquiring cancer with a focus on tobacco control. Proposals are changing habits and lifestyles, fostering a culture of peace, increase levels of informing the public about the risks of acquiring cancer, improve services for the care of smokers and implement tobacco control programs in the city. We opted to include the proposals that were within area of governance are a team of family health and that could include the participation of other social actors, such as the association of neighborhood residents.