MODELOS CINEMÁTICOS MULTISSEGMENTARES DO COMPLEXO TORNOZELO-PÉ: influência sobre ângulos relacionados à pronação-supinação do pé na postura e na marcha

Abstract

Abnormal pronation of the foot is related to various musculoskeletal conditions. Multisegmental Foot Models have been used to measure kinematic foot parameters, including those reporting on pronation / supination. The present study investigated the differences in the articular and segmental angles obtained through three Multisegmental Foot Models during orthostatic posture and gait, such as Rizzoli foot model (RFM), Oxford foot model (OFM) and UFMG foot model (UFMG). The first two models have been considered the most used in the literature and require the evaluated individual to be barefoot. The third model is pointed out in the literature as the only one that uses clusters of tracking markers, which allow to evaluate kinematics with the use of minimally adapted footwear. The three-dimensional kinematics of 14 healthy participants during orthostatic posture and self-selected velocity gait were measured with an optoelectronic system. The coordinate systems of the foot segments and their respective tracking markers were defined according to the models investigated. The leg was modeled according to the definitions of the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB). The articular angles extracted were the forefoot angle with respect to the rearfoot in the sagittal plane and the angle of the rearfoot in the frontal and transverse planes. The segmental angles extracted were those related to the articular angles obtained, to aid in the understanding of the articular angles, being the angle of the rearfoot in relation to the laboratory in the sagittal, frontal and transverse plane and the forefoot in relation to the laboratory in the sagittal plane. For the posture, average angles obtained in the five seconds of collection were calculated, and then, among the three replicates of the collection. For gait, mean curves of the 20 support phases were obtained. Analyzis of variance (ANOVA) repeated measures were performed to investigate differences between amplitudes, gait, and angular means, in posture. Contrasts were used to perform peer comparisons in the presence of significant main effect. Parametric Statistical Mapping ANOVA of repeated measures (SPM ANOVA) was used to identify differences between curves, with paired t-tests SPM as post-hoc analysis. For all analyzis, a significance level of 0.05 was used. Significant differences were observed between the kinematics obtained by the three models during posture and gait, with significant main effects of ANOVAs for all variables measured. In the curve analysis performed by the ANOVA SPM, we found differences for the frontal and transverse rearfoot and for the rearfoot in relation to the laboratory in the sagittal and transverse plane. Thus, the choice of method may influence the results obtained by kinematic studies of the segmented foot.