Informação pública no estado de Minas Gerais: processos de controle social e de democratização

Abstract

This doctoral thesis has as its theme the processes of control and democratization of public information, which presents as problematic: [1] Why did the applicants seek information, mostly about vacant posts in the State Secretariat of Education? [2] How can requests for information from applicants contribute to the democratization of access to information? It was based on the (1) hypothesis that the quality of the formulated requirements correlates with the profiles of the applicants and their access to the bureaucratic structure of the state. And from the (2) hypothesis, that the bureaucratic structures mobilized by the applicants in the procedures of access to information may reflect a culture of control and domination or democratization of access. The (3) hypothesis that the strengthening of the public sphere, with the communicative channels between applicants and the State, balances the control of the powers through the social control, propitiated by the communicative rationality. And, the (4) hypothesis that the dialectic present in the communicative interactions, between the applicants and the State, strengthen the procedures of active transparency of information by the State. The general objective was to analyze the profile of the applicant and the types of requirements to understand the process of democratization of access to public information within the Executive Branch of Minas Gerais. And, the specific objectives are: To identify the main laws that regulate the access to the information mainly in the federal and state spheres; Specify the guiding plans of the education policy in the State of Minas Gerais; Identify applicants' applications and resources between 2012 and 2017; To relate the profile of the applicants and the types of applications made between 2012 and 2017. The thesis is structured with Introduction, Chapter 2: History of Information Control Institutions in Brazil from the 1964 Coup, which presents a historical perspective of the control of information and repression in Brazil by the state apparatus, followed by Chapter 3: Construction of the Democratic State and the Right of Access to Information, which analyzes the Brazilian democratic state based on indicators of democracy measurement. Chapter 4: Informational State presents a theoretical revision of the researches carried out by Sandra Braman, rescuing the works developed by Jürgen Habermas, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault. Chapter 5: Research Processes presents a proposal for a relational model. Chapter 6: From the Universe to the field of research contextualizes the State Secretariat of Education and Chapter 7: Data Analysis presents the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the databases. In Chapter 8: Conclusions, it is concluded that (1) there is an ideal type of profile of applicants for public information, being public servants that have undergraduate; (2) there is a process of reformulation of the bureaucratic state for the informational state; (3) strengthening of the public spheres, being also a space for the formation of citizens and strengthening of citizenship; (4) the type of information required can be divided into more elaborate information, with citation of legislation and requests for statistical data and less elaborate and direct information.