Interferentes no consumo de frutas e hortaliças de usuários do Programa Academia da Saúde

Abstract

Introduction: inadequate fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption may stem from individual, cultural, socioeconomic, agricultural and environmental issues. Investigating the interferers factors in this consumption is important for the design of appropriate intervention strategies, especially in health services, given the scope of the Brazilian public health system. Objective: identify factors associated with inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetable in users of the Health Academy Program (HAP). Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 3.414 HAP users from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The explanatory variables investigated were: sociodemographic, health issues, anthropometry and FV purchase profile. The outcomes investigated were the inadequate fruit consumption (less than three portions/day); and vegetables (less than two portions/day). Frequency analysis and bivariate analysis were performed using Chi-square tests to compare explanatory variables and outcomes. To identify the factors associated with inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, we used the Multiple Logistic Regression, and the results presented by Odds Ratio values and confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: the prevalence of inadequate consumption of fruits (62.2%) and vegetables (41.2%) was high among PAS users. This inadequacy was associated with: being male (fruits: OR=1.6; IC95%: 1.3-2.0; p<0.001; vegetables: OR=1.7; IC95% 1.4-2.2; p<0.001), to be young adult (20-39 years old) (fruits: 40-50 years old: OR=0.6; IC95%: 0.4-0.8; p<0.001 and >60 years old: OR=0.3; IC95%: 0.2-0.5; p<0.001; vegetables: 40-50 years old: OR=0.6; IC95%: 0.5-0.8; p=0.001 and >60 years old: OR=0.5; IC95%: 0.40.7; p<0.001), assessing the quality of life as poor (good quality of life - fruits: OR=0.7; IC95%: 0.5-0.8; p<0.001; vegetables: OR=0.6; IC95%: 0.5-0.7; p<0.001) and not having knowledge about food crop season (having knowledge about food crop season - fruits: OR=0.7; IC95%: 0.6-0.8; p<0.001; vegetables: OR=0.8; IC95%: 0.7-0.9; p=0.004). Factors associated only with inadequate fruit consumption were: not having diabetes mellitus (having diabetes mellitus: OR=0.7; IC95%: 0.5-0.8; p<0.001) and smoking habit (OR=1.5; IC95% 1.1-2.2; p=0.012); and vegetables: having up to four years of study (5-9 years: OR=0.8; IC95%: 0.7-0.9; p=0.015 and >10 years: OR=0.8; IC95%: 0.6-0.9; p=0.005). Conclusion: similar and distinct interfering factors related to FV inadequate consumption were identified, confirming the need to analyze these foods separately. Knowing these interferers and acting on those that can be modified, such as the proximal ones: smoking habit and knowledge about food crop season, and more distal ones: education and quality of life, may favor the design of more effective strategies to encourage the consumption of FV in health services.