Incidência de lesões por pressão em pacientes de um Centro de Terapia Intensiva: um estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

This project was aimed at analysing the occurrence of Wounds by Pressure (WP) in patients at an Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) within a high profile hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Furthermore, clinical profiles and socio-demographic characteristics were also analyzed among these patients. This observational study, quantitative and descriptive, realyzed at the ITU’s adult sector, between March of 2016 and September of 2018. 1196 patients, ranging from 18 to 92 years old with a majority of elderly men, were involved. The occurrence was of 84 patients (7,0%), most of them having a sole wound by pressure. Regarding the location of WPs, the majority were in the sacral region followed by the calcaneus in a period that ranged from 01 to 36 days of hospital admission. The scores from the Braden Scale measured in the moment of admission in the 5th, 10th and 20th day varied from 06 to 23 points. The occurrence of WPs didn’t reveal any significant link between the WP and death of the patients. The occurrence of WPs was less frequent in patients who already possessed a wound, which shows that prevention among patients who weren’t injured was not emphatic enough to serve its purpose. The study contributed to further knowledge of Wounds by Pressure proposed a reflexion about safe treatment methods and the quality of assistance given to those patients, specially by nursing groups.