Pacientes com estoma de eliminação em serviço ambulatorial do Distrito Federal

Abstract

Introduction: The word stoma or stomata stem from the Greek stóma and it means open. And it is the result of surgical intervention to reestablish communication between a viscus and the external environment, temporarily or permanently, in order to compensate for the functioning affected by any disease. The repercussions of an estomy are broad and deserve attention of the health team and specifically of nursing. Objectives: To delineate the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with elimination stoma attended at a first-aid post of a public hospital at Federal District in Brazil. Method: documentary, descriptive research, with quantitative approach, involving people with elimination stomies. The study sample consisted of 130 records of patients with elimination stoma, who have met the inclusion criteria. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Results: Most participants were only a few years of study and a significant part was illiterate. There was a predominance of married, males, with low economic status and with the ability to practice the self-care. Neoplasia was the main reason for making a stoma and the colostomy was the most common type. Dermatitis was the main complication of the peristomal region and it was related to incorrect use of the device. Conclusions: Advances occurred after the publication of the no. 400 directive, but a lot about this still has to be done to guarantee the rights acquired in 2009. It is expected that the knowledge of the sociodemographic profile directs the actions of the managers, in the political and economic spheres, in order to to meet the biopsychological and social needs of people with stoma.