Projeto de intervenção para o combate ao tabagismo

Abstract

In the last decades, smoking has become a serious social problem and public health expenditure. Tobacco use accounts for more than four million annual deaths worldwide, driven by the increased prevalence of smoking-related diseases. It is the single largest single cause of the preventable diseases known. Tobacco nicotine causes chemical dependence. The duration and level of exposure to tobacco smoke are directly related to the risk and severity of many adverse health consequences. Today, 45% of deaths from myocardial infarction, 85% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema), 25% from cerebrovascular disease deaths, and 30% from cancer deaths are related to smoking. Smoking behaves like a chronic disease and its treatment should be valued as part of the care in the health units, as well as any other chronic disease. Primary health care is a timely scenario for the implementation of health actions, both individually and collectively, which includes health promotion and protection, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, harm reduction, and health maintenance. The smoker's approach to smoking cessation should be centered on cognitive interventions and behavioral skills training aimed not only at cessation but also at preventing relapse. Brazil is considered a worldwide reference in the control of smoking. However, the number of smokers is still significant and has significant repercussions on the development of health problems, leading to high social and economic costs.Given the size of all the problems that smoking can cause, we developed an intervention project to reduce the number of smokers in the area of coverage of the Pedra Branca I Family Health Team in the city of Ribeirão das Neves, Minas Gerais General- MG. For the development of the intervention plan, the Strategic Situational Planning (PES) method and a narrative review of the literature on the subject were used. Initially, the team performed the situational diagnosis using the fast estimation method. Data on population health, socioeconomic conditions, housing conditions and basic sanitation and numerous problems were identified.The implementation of the action plan was composed of weekly group discussions on smoking; individual medical and nursing guidance on the consequences of smoking, associated illnesses, impacts of cessation, and drug and non-drug treatment options (follow-up with psychology). It was observed that of a group of 60 patients who adhered to the complete 4-month intervention plan, 50 of them stopped smoking, and only 19 patients required medication support. In view of the dimension of the fact, the importance of intervening in the fight against smoking is emphasized. By reducing the number of smokers, it improves the quality of life of smokers and their families, as well as reducing the incidence of cigarette-related diseases